Health A-Z

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. Here's an overview of its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

1. Fever: Typically the initial symptom, often accompanied by headache and malaise.
2. Encephalitis: In severe cases, inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) can occur, leading to symptoms such as:
   • Severe Headache
   • Confusion
   • Seizures
   • Stiff Neck
   • Disorientation
   • Tremors
   • Muscle Weakness
   • Paralysis
3. Neurological Symptoms: These may include movement disorders, focal neurological deficits, and altered consciousness.
4. In some cases: JE can cause long-term neurological complications or death.

1. Supportive Care: There is no specific antiviral treatment for JE. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and providing supportive care, which may include:
   • Fever Reduction: With antipyretic medications.
   • Pain Management: With analgesics.
   • Intravenous Fluids: To maintain hydration.
   • Mechanical Ventilation: If respiratory function is compromised.
   • Anticonvulsants: To control seizures.
2. Prevention:
   • Vaccination: JE vaccine is available and recommended for travelers to endemic regions and for individuals living in or visiting areas with ongoing JE transmission.
   • Mosquito Avoidance: Measures to prevent mosquito bites, such as using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and using bed nets.

1. Clinical Evaluation: Based on symptoms and travel history (JE is prevalent in certain regions of Asia).
2. Laboratory Tests:
   • Blood Tests: To detect antibodies against the JE virus or viral RNA.
   • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis: Elevated white blood cell count and protein levels may indicate inflammation of the brain.
3. Imaging Studies: MRI or CT scans of the brain may show abnormalities consistent with encephalitis.