Health A-Z

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) occurs when there is a partial or complete blockage in the small intestine, preventing the passage of food, fluid, and gas. This condition requires prompt medical attention as it can lead to serious complications if left untreated. Here's an overview of symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

1. Abdominal Pain: Crampy, intermittent abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom of SBO. The pain may be severe and localized to the area of the obstruction.
2. Nausea and Vomiting: These symptoms often occur as the obstruction prevents the passage of contents through the intestines, leading to accumulation and subsequent vomiting.
3. Abdominal Distention: The abdomen may become visibly swollen and distended due to the accumulation of gas and fluid upstream of the obstruction.
4. Constipation: Incomplete passage of stools or absence of bowel movements may occur due to the obstruction.
5. Inability to Pass Gas: Difficulty passing gas may be experienced as a result of the obstruction.

1. Nasogastric (NG) Tube: Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose and into the stomach can help decompress the intestines by removing fluid and gas, relieving symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention.
2. Intravenous (IV) Fluids: Hydration is essential, especially if vomiting and dehydration are present. Fluids and electrolytes are administered intravenously to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.
3. Bowel Rest: Oral intake is typically restricted to allow the bowel to rest and reduce the risk of further complications. In some cases, parenteral nutrition (nutrition delivered intravenously) may be necessary to provide adequate nutrition.
4. Surgery: If the obstruction does not resolve with conservative measures or if there are signs of bowel ischemia (lack of blood flow to the bowel), surgical intervention may be required to remove the obstruction and repair any underlying causes, such as adhesions or tumors.

1. Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical examination, including palpation of the abdomen to assess for tenderness and distention.
2. Imaging Tests: Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or abdominal ultrasound may be ordered to visualize the intestines and identify the location and severity of the obstruction. These tests can also help determine the cause of the obstruction, such as adhesions, tumors, or hernias.
3. Blood Tests: Blood tests may be performed to assess for signs of infection, electrolyte imbalances, or dehydration associated with SBO.