Health A-Z

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can be caused by various factors and may present with a range of symptoms. Here's an overview of symptoms, diagnosis, testing, and treatment options

1. Difficulty swallowing: Sensation of food or liquids getting stuck in the throat or chest.
2. Pain while swallowing: Sharp or dull pain while swallowing.
3. Coughing or choking: Especially when trying to swallow.
4. Regurgitation: Food or liquid coming back up after swallowing.
5. Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest, often due to reflux.
6. Unexpected weight loss: Due to avoiding eating or difficulty eating.
7. Recurring pneumonia or chest infections: Caused by food or liquid entering the airways.

1. Identify the Underlying Cause: Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of dysphagia.
2. Dietary Changes: Avoiding foods that aggravate symptoms, such as spicy or acidic foods. Adjusting the consistency of foods and liquids may also be necessary.
3. Medications: Acid reflux medications, muscle relaxants, or antibiotics if an infection is present.
4. Dilation: For narrowing of the esophagus, a procedure called dilation may be performed to widen the esophagus.
5. Surgery: In cases of severe dysphagia or structural abnormalities, surgery may be necessary to correct the issue.
6. Swallowing Therapy: Speech and swallowing therapy with a speech-language pathologist can help improve swallowing function.

1. Physical Examination: A doctor will examine your throat and neck for any abnormalities.
2. Barium Swallow: A series of X-rays are taken while you swallow a liquid containing barium, which coats the esophagus and makes it visible on X-ray images.
3. Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is passed through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine.
4. Manometry: Measures the pressure and movements of the esophagus while swallowing.
5. pH Monitoring: Measures acid levels in the esophagus to determine if acid reflux is contributing to dysphagia.
6. CT Scan or MRI: To identify structural issues such as tumors or inflammation