Health A-Z

Hammer toes are a common foot deformity where one or more toes bend abnormally at the middle joint, resembling a hammer. Here's an overview of the symptoms, treatment plan, and diagnosis testing for hammer toes.

1. Toe Deformity: The affected toe(s) may bend downward at the middle joint, causing them to resemble a hammer.
2. Pain and Discomfort: Hammer toes can cause pain, especially when wearing shoes that crowd the toes or have high heels.
3. Corns and Calluses: Due to friction and pressure from footwear, corns or calluses may develop on the top of the affected toe(s) or the ball of the foot.
4. Limited Range of Motion: The affected toe(s) may have a decreased range of motion, making it difficult to straighten or flex them fully.
5. Difficulty Walking: Severe hammer toes may lead to difficulty walking or maintaining balance.

1. • Wearing Proper Footwear: Choose shoes with a wide toe box and low heels to reduce pressure on the toes.
   • Toe Exercises: Perform toe stretches and exercises to improve flexibility and strengthen toe muscles.
   • Orthotic Devices: Use toe splints, cushions, or pads to help straighten the toes and relieve pressure.
   • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory medications can help alleviate discomfort.
2. Surgical Intervention:
   • If conservative treatments fail to provide relief or if the deformity is severe and causing significant pain or functional impairment, surgery may be recommended.
   • Surgical options may include arthroplasty (removing a piece of bone to straighten the toe joint), arthrodesis (fusing the toe joint), or tendon transfer (moving tendons to rebalance muscles and straighten the toe).

1. Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will conduct a physical examination of the foot, assessing toe alignment, range of motion, and presence of corns or calluses.
2. X-rays: X-rays may be ordered to evaluate the severity of the deformity, assess joint damage, and guide treatment planning.
3. Discussion of Symptoms: Detailed discussion with the patient about their symptoms, footwear habits, and treatment goals is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.