Health A-Z

Jaundice in newborns, also known as hyperbilirubinemia, occurs when there is an excess of bilirubin in the blood, leading to yellowing of the skin and eyes. Here's an overview of its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

1. Yellowing of the Skin and Eyes (Jaundice): This is the most prominent symptom and is usually noticeable first on the face and then progresses downward.
2. Pale Stool: Newborns with jaundice may have pale or clay-colored stools.
3. Dark Urine: Urine may appear darker than usual due to the presence of excess bilirubin.
4. Lethargy: In severe cases, the baby may appear unusually tired or weak.
5. Poor Feeding: Jaundice can sometimes lead to reduced appetite and poor feeding, which can result in inadequate weight gain.

1. Phototherapy: This involves exposing the baby's skin to special lights (usually blue or white light) that help break down bilirubin into a form that can be excreted more easily by the body.
2. Frequent Feeding: Encouraging frequent breastfeeding or formula feeding can help increase bowel movements, aiding in the elimination of bilirubin.
3. Hydration: Ensuring adequate hydration is essential, especially if the baby is breastfeeding, to help flush out excess bilirubin.
4. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of bilirubin levels and overall clinical status is necessary to adjust treatment as needed and prevent complications such as kernicterus (severe bilirubin-induced brain damage).

1. Visual Assessment: Healthcare providers will visually assess the baby for signs of jaundice.
2. Bilirubin Measurement: This can be done using a non-invasive device called a transcutaneous bilirubinometer, which measures the bilirubin level through the skin. In some cases, a blood test may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of hyperbilirubinemia.
3. Underlying Causes: Additional tests may be performed to identify any underlying causes of neonatal jaundice, such as blood type incompatibility between the mother and baby, G6PD deficiency, or other genetic conditions.