Health A-Z

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder characterized by the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Here's an overview of its symptoms, treatment options, and diagnosis.

1. Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Symptoms typically occur within 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming lactose-containing foods and may include:
   • Abdominal pain and cramping
   • Bloating
   • Gas
   • Diarrhea
   • Nausea
2. Symptom Severity: The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the amount of lactose consumed and individual tolerance levels. Some people may tolerate small amounts of lactose without experiencing symptoms, while others may have more severe reactions.

1. Dietary Modification: The primary treatment for lactose intolerance involves reducing or avoiding lactose-containing foods and beverages. This may include:

   • Choosing lactose-free or lactose-reduced dairy products
   • Using lactase enzyme supplements before consuming dairy products to aid digestion
   • Substituting dairy alternatives such as soy milk, almond milk, or lactose-free products

2. Gradual Reintroduction: Some individuals may be able to gradually reintroduce small amounts of lactose-containing foods into their diet over time without experiencing symptoms. Experimenting with different foods and observing tolerance levels can help determine individual thresholds.

3. Dietary Calcium Sources: Since dairy products are a significant source of calcium, individuals with lactose intolerance should ensure they are obtaining adequate calcium from other sources, such as fortified plant-based milks, leafy green vegetables, tofu, and fortified foods.

4. Lactase Enzyme Supplements: Over-the-counter lactase enzyme supplements are available in pill or liquid form and can be taken with meals containing lactose to help digest the lactose and reduce symptoms.

1. Lactose Tolerance Test: This test involves consuming a drink containing a high dose of lactose, followed by measuring blood glucose levels over a period of time. A rise in blood glucose indicates proper digestion of lactose, while a lack of increase suggests lactose intolerance.

2. Hydrogen Breath Test: This test measures the amount of hydrogen in the breath after consuming a lactose-containing drink. Elevated levels of hydrogen indicate undigested lactose in the colon, suggesting lactose intolerance.

3. Stool Acidity Test: This test measures the acidity of stool samples after consuming lactose. Increased acidity may indicate fermentation of undigested lactose by bacteria in the colon, supporting a diagnosis of lactose intolerance.