Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in any part of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, palate, and inner lining of the cheeks. Here's an overview of its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Persistent mouth sore: A sore in the mouth that doesn't heal within two weeks.
Pain: Persistent pain in the mouth, tongue, or throat.
Difficulty swallowing: Especially if it persists.
Changes in voice: Hoarseness or a change in voice quality.
Swelling or lumps: In the mouth, throat, or neck.
Bleeding: Unexplained bleeding in the mouth.
Loose teeth: Without apparent cause.
Ear pain: Particularly on one side, without other ear problems.
Numbness: In the mouth or lips.
Treatment for oral cancer depends on factors like the type, stage, and location of the cancer, as well as the individual's overall health and preferences. Options may include:
Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. This may involve removing part of the tongue, jawbone, or other affected areas.
Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams are used to target and destroy cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop them from growing.
Targeted Therapy: Medications that specifically target certain molecules involved in cancer growth may be used.
Immunotherapy: Drugs that help the body's immune system fight cancer cells.
Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the mouth, throat, and neck by a healthcare professional.
Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken from the suspicious area for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
Imaging Tests: X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, or PET scans may be done to assess the extent of the cancer and whether it has spread to other areas.
Endoscopy: A flexible, lighted scope is used to examine the throat and voice box, allowing for a closer look at suspicious areas.
Lab Tests: Blood tests and tests for specific biomarkers associated with oral cancer may be conducted.
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