Health A-Z

Smallpox, caused by the variola virus, was eradicated globally in 1980 through a successful vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization. However, as it's no longer naturally occurring, routine vaccination against smallpox is no longer necessary. Here's information on symptoms, historical treatment plans, and diagnosis.

1. Fever: Typically starts suddenly and is often high.
2. Malaise: Feeling generally unwell or fatigued.
3. Headache: Often severe and persistent.
4. Rash: Begins as red spots that progress to raised bumps (papules), then to fluid-filled blisters (vesicles), and finally to scabs. These lesions are typically most prominent on the face, arms, and legs.
5. Painful Sores: The lesions can be painful, especially as they develop into vesicles and scabs.
6. Enlarged Lymph Nodes: Swelling of lymph nodes, especially in the groin and underarms.

Historically, there was no specific treatment for smallpox. However, supportive care was provided to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment measures included:

1. Hydration: Ensuring adequate fluid intake to prevent dehydration, especially during high fever.
2. Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) may be used to alleviate fever and discomfort.
3. Isolation: Patients with smallpox were isolated to prevent the spread of the virus to others.
4. Vaccination: Vaccination with the smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus) was the primary preventive measure against smallpox.

1. Clinical Presentation: Diagnosis of smallpox was primarily based on the characteristic symptoms and rash pattern described above.
2. Laboratory Testing: In suspected cases, laboratory tests such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or viral culture could be performed to confirm the presence of the variola virus.