A black eye is when there is bruising under the skin around the eye. In most cases, the injury affects the face rather than the eye itself. They may occur due to a strike to the face or occur after surgery.
It is called a black eye because of the bluish-dark color of the bruising in the tissue around the eye. This happens because the capillaries, or tiny blood vessels, have burst and leaked blood under the skin.
Another name for a black eye is a “shiner.” The medical name is a periorbital hematoma.
As fluids collect in the space around the eye, bruising, swelling, and puffiness result. This can make it difficult to open the eye. Vision may blur temporarily. There may be pain around the eye, and possibly a headache.
Any bleeding inside the eye also needs medical care, as there could be eye damage that could lead to vision problems.
If a person receives an injury to the area around the eye, they are likely to notice some swelling.
As the swelling spreads, the color of the skin will change. First, it will be red, then it will gradually change to dark blue, deep violet, and possibly black.
Pain may be felt either constantly, or only if someone touches the affected area.
Sometimes there is a red patch on the eye. This is a subconjunctival hemorrhage. It usually heals after 2 to 3 weeks.subconjunctival hemorrhage. It usually heals after 2 to 3 weeks.
Within a few days, the swelling will decrease, and the discoloration becomes lighter. The dark colors gradually fade after a few days, from dark blue, violet, or black, to a yellowish-green.
Vision problems, usually blurriness, may occur.
A black eye normally disappears within 1 to 2 weeks, and it does not normally need medical attention.
The doctor will normally recommend home treatment, such as ice and acetaminophen.
If they suspect a more serious injury, for example, fractures to the bones of the face, they will refer the person to a specialist.
This may be:
a neurosurgeon if a brain or skull injury is suspected
an ophthalmologist if there appears to be an injury to the eye
an ears, nose, and throat (ENT) a plastic surgeon or other specialist if there is a face injury or serious cuts
A black eye is typically diagnosed based on a physical examination of the affected eye and the surrounding tissues. Along with recent injuries or symptoms, your doctor could inquire about your medical history. In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to rule out underlying medical conditions, such as imaging studies or blood tests.
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