Health A-Z

Cystolithotripsy is a medical procedure used to break down and remove bladder stones, also known as bladder calculi, using lithotripsy techniques. Here's how it relates to symptoms, treatment plans, and diagnosis testing.

1. Lower urinary tract symptoms: Symptoms of bladder stones may include:
   • Frequent urination
   • Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen
   • Difficulty urinating or incomplete emptying of the bladder
   • Blood in the urine (hematuria)
   • Urinary urgency or hesitancy
   • Pain during urination

1. Pre-operative evaluation: Patients undergo a thorough pre-operative evaluation to assess the size, number, and composition of bladder stones, evaluate overall health, and discuss treatment options.
2. Cystolithotripsy procedure: During cystolithotripsy, specialized instruments or devices are used to break down bladder stones into smaller fragments, which can then be removed from the bladder or passed naturally during urination. The procedure may be performed using different techniques, including:
   • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): High-energy shock waves are directed at the bladder stones from outside the body, causing them to fragment into smaller pieces.
   • Transurethral cystolithotripsy: Instruments are inserted into the bladder through the urethra, and the stones are broken down using mechanical, laser, or ultrasound energy.
3. Post-operative care: After cystolithotripsy, patients receive post-operative care instructions and may require pain management, antibiotics, and close monitoring for complications such as urinary tract infection or bladder irritation.

1. Medical history and physical examination: A detailed history of symptoms, medical conditions, and risk factors for bladder stones is obtained, followed by a physical examination to assess the abdomen and pelvis.
2. Imaging studies: Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans are used to visualize the bladder and detect the presence, size, and location of bladder stones.
3. Urinalysis: Urine tests may be performed to detect the presence of blood, infection, or other abnormalities in the urine, which may indicate the presence of bladder stones.