Gynecomastia is a common condition which results in enlarged male breast tissue. It can be seen in males of all ages, but usually occurs during the newborn period, puberty and older adulthood. There are many causes for gynecomastia, most commonly an imbalance of the hormones testosterone and estrogen.
What causes gynecomastia?
An imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones typically causes gynecomastia. Men’s bodies usually produce small amounts of estrogen, the hormone that controls breast growth. If your body produces too much estrogen, or you have low testosterone (hypogonadism), your breasts may enlarge.
Sometimes people with obesity develop enlarged breasts due to excess fatty tissue. This condition is known as pseudogynecomastia.
What conditions cause gynecomastia?
Certain conditions can cause male breast enlargement, including:
Lavender oils and tea tree oils (found in herbal supplements and skin care products).
How is gynecomastia diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will assess symptoms, perform a physical exam and review your medical and family history. A blood test may also be recommended to check hormone levels.
Because both gynecomastia and breast cancer cause breast lumps, your provider may order a:
Breast ultrasound to view detailed images of breast growths.
Mammogram to examine unusual growths or changes in breast tissue.
How is gynecomastia managed or treated?
Some people don’t want or need treatment for gynecomastia. If a medication or other substance is causing breasts to enlarge, you may need to stop using the drug or switch to a different one. If a disease is the cause, swelling should go away with disease treatment.
Some men choose to get breast reduction surgery. During this procedure, a plastic surgeon removes breast tissue to make breasts smaller.
Can gynecomastia be prevented?
You can’t prevent many of the hormone changes that cause gynecomastia. If needed, you may reduce your risk of breast enlargement by switching medications or seeking treatment for a substance use disorder.
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