Depression is a mood disorder that can cause someone to feel sad, irritable or hopeless. It may affect your sleep, appetite or relationships with others. Depression can also cause you to lose interest in hobbies or activities you once enjoyed. In severe cases, depression can lead to thoughts of suicide.
Depression is typically diagnosed if symptoms last two weeks or longer. It should only get evaluated, diagnosed and treated by a healthcare provider. Although depression is a serious medical condition, it’s usually treatable.
What causes depression and anxiety in children?
Depression and anxiety in children can have many causes, including:
Alcohol or drug use.
Environment (including family problems).
Family history (others in the family have depression).
Physical illness.
Stressful life events.
What are the signs of depression in children?
Parents should look out for the following signs of depression in children:
Behavioral problems at school.
Changes in eating or sleeping habits.
Feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
Lack of interest in fun activities.
Low energy levels or general tiredness.
Mood changes, such as irritability.
What are the signs of anxiety in children?
Signs of anxiety in children may include:
Anxiety about the future.
Fear of being away from a parent.
Physical symptoms of panic, such as sweating or dizziness.
Refusal to go to school or take part in social activities.
Worry that a parent or loved one may die.
Should I worry that my child will commit suicide?
National surveys from the government show the overall risk. In 2019, for example, nearly 9% of high school students attempted suicide at least once over the course of a year. Thinking about suicide also continued to rise from previous years . Although less common, young children do attempt suicide as well.
Watch your child closely for the warning signs of suicidal behavior, including:
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that can treat anxiety or depression in children. CBT helps children learn to think more positively and manage negative behaviors. It can also help children manage anxiety by getting to the root of their fears and worries. Therapy gives children tools to cope with anxiety and depression in healthier ways.
How do antidepressants work?
The most common antidepressant medications for children are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). These medications increase the level of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a chemical that can help increase feelings of happiness and well-being.
Use extra caution with antidepressants in children. Some children show no improvement with the medications, or may even feel more depressed. If a healthcare provider recommends antidepressants, watch your child’s condition closely. Never allow your child to stop taking antidepressants suddenly. Doing so can cause serious side effects or make depression worse.
How are childhood depression and anxiety diagnosed?
If you think your child is showing signs of depression or anxiety, talk to a healthcare provider. Start with your child’s pediatrician. Your pediatrician may refer you to a mental health professional for a more detailed evaluation.
A healthcare provider will likely start by ruling out conditions that may be causing your child’s mood issues. Illnesses known to cause symptoms of depression include:
There are no tests to diagnose depression. A mental health evaluation should include interviews with you (the parents) and your child. Information from teachers, friends and classmates can also shed light on your child’s mood and behavior changes.
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