Health A-Z

Dandruff occurs when the scalp sheds excessive amounts of dead skin cells. This shedding can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Malassezia: A type of fungus that lives on the scalp and feeds on the oils produced by hair follicles. An overgrowth of this fungus can lead to dandruff.

2. Dry Skin: Dry skin on the scalp can cause flakes to form and shed.

3. Seborrheic Dermatitis: A common skin condition that causes red, itchy, and flaky skin. It can affect areas rich in oil glands, including the scalp.

• White, oily-looking flakes of dead skin on your hair and shoulders.
• Itchy scalp.
• Scalp irritation.

The treatment for dandruff depends on its severity and underlying cause. Here are some common treatment options:

1. Over-the-Counter Shampoos: Antidandruff shampoos containing active ingredients like zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, coal tar, or ketoconazole can help reduce dandruff by targeting the underlying causes such as fungal overgrowth or inflammation.

2. Medicated Shampoos: If over-the-counter shampoos don't work, your doctor may prescribe stronger medicated shampoos or topical treatments containing ingredients like corticosteroids or antifungal agents to address more severe cases of dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis.

3. Home Remedies: Some people find relief from dandruff using natural remedies such as tea tree oil, apple cider vinegar, or coconut oil. While these remedies may provide temporary relief for some, they may not be effective for everyone, and their safety and efficacy can vary.

4. Lifestyle Changes: Taking steps to maintain a healthy scalp and hair hygiene, such as avoiding harsh hair products, washing your hair regularly, and managing stress levels, can also help prevent and reduce dandruff.

5. Medical Treatments: In rare cases where dandruff is severe or persistent and doesn't respond to other treatments, your doctor may recommend prescription medications or light therapy to help manage symptoms.

Dandruff is usually diagnosed based on its appearance and symptoms. A doctor or dermatologist may examine your scalp to rule out other conditions such as psoriasis or eczema, which can also cause similar symptoms.