Health A-Z

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) refers to the gradual deterioration of the intervertebral discs in the spine due to aging, wear and tear, or injury. While it's a common condition, not everyone with DDD experiences symptoms. However, for those who do, symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include:

1. Pain: The most common symptom is pain, which can vary in intensity and location depending on the affected disc(s). It may be localized to the neck or lower back, or it can radiate to the arms, buttocks, or legs.
2. Stiffness: Patients may experience stiffness in the affected area, which can limit mobility and range of motion.
3. Numbness and tingling: If the degenerated disc compresses nearby nerves, it can lead to sensations of numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.
4. Muscle weakness: Severe cases of DDD may cause muscle weakness in the arms or legs due to nerve compression.

1. Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen can help alleviate pain and inflammation.
2. Physical Therapy: Physical therapy can strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, improve flexibility, and alleviate symptoms.
3. Exercise: Regular exercise, including aerobic exercises, stretching, and strength training, can help manage symptoms and improve overall spine health.
4. Medications: In some cases, stronger medications such as muscle relaxants or prescription pain relievers may be prescribed for severe pain.
5. Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the affected area can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain.
6. Surgery: Surgery may be considered if conservative treatments fail to provide relief or if there are severe neurological symptoms such as progressive weakness or loss of bowel or bladder control. Surgical options include discectomy, spinal fusion, or artificial disc replacement.

1. Medical History and Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will start by taking a detailed medical history and performing a physical examination to assess symptoms, evaluate mobility, and check for any neurological deficits.
2. Imaging Tests: Imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), or CT (Computed Tomography) scans may be ordered to visualize the spine and identify any abnormalities, such as disc degeneration, herniation, or nerve compression.
3. Electromyography (EMG): EMG may be performed to assess nerve function and identify any nerve damage or compression caused by degenerative changes in the spine