Health A-Z

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects how your body processes glucose (sugar) in your blood. There are primarily two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Here's an overview of symptoms, diagnosis, testing, and treatment for both types:

ype 1 Diabetes:

1. Increased thirst: Feeling unusually thirsty and needing to drink more water.
2. Frequent urination: Needing to urinate more often, particularly at night.
3. Extreme hunger: Feeling hungry even after eating.
4. Unintended weight loss: Losing weight without trying.
5. Fatigue: Feeling tired and fatigued.
6. Blurry vision: Experiencing blurred vision.
7. Mood changes: Irritability and mood swings.

Type 2 Diabetes: Symptoms for type 2 diabetes are often similar to those of type 1, but they may develop more gradually and may be milder.

Type 1 Diabetes:

• Insulin Therapy: Daily insulin injections or an insulin pump to manage blood sugar levels.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regularly checking blood sugar levels.
• Carbohydrate Counting: Keeping track of carbohydrate intake to adjust insulin doses.
• Healthy Eating: Following a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains.

Type 2 Diabetes:

• Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise and a healthy diet to manage weight and blood sugar levels.
• Oral Medications: If lifestyle changes aren't sufficient, medications like metformin, sulfonylureas, or others may be prescribed.
• Insulin Therapy: In some cases, insulin may be required if other medications aren't effective.
• Blood Sugar Monitoring: Regular monitoring to track blood sugar levels.

General Treatment for Both Types:

• Regular Exercise: Helps lower blood sugar levels and improve overall health.
• Healthy Diet: Low in processed sugars and high in fiber, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Regular Check-ups: Monitoring for complications and adjusting treatment as needed.
• Education and Support: Learning about diabetes management and getting support from healthcare providers and support groups.

1. Blood Sugar Tests:

• Fasting blood sugar test: Measures blood glucose after fasting for at least eight hours.
• A1C test: Measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months.
• Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): Measures blood sugar after fasting and then again two hours after consuming a sugary drink.

2. Random Blood Sugar Test:

• Measures blood glucose regardless of when you last ate.

3. Clinical Symptoms and Physical Examination:

• Doctors may also consider symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss.