Health A-Z

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It typically occurs in the second or third trimester and is characterized by high blood sugar levels. Here's an overview of symptoms, diagnosis, testing, and treatme

1. Increased thirst and urination: Excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria) are common symptoms.
2. Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or fatigued despite adequate rest.
3. Blurred vision: High blood sugar levels can affect vision temporarily.
4. Nausea and vomiting: Some women may experience nausea and vomiting, similar to morning sickness.
5. Increased hunger: Despite eating, some women may feel constantly hungry due to fluctuating blood sugar levels.

1. Dietary Modifications: A registered dietitian may provide guidance on a balanced diet that controls carbohydrate intake to help manage blood sugar levels.
2. Regular Exercise: Engaging in moderate physical activity, as recommended by a healthcare provider, can help regulate blood sugar levels.
3. Monitoring Blood Sugar: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, typically through daily finger-prick tests, is important to track progress and adjust treatment accordingly.
4. Insulin Injections or Oral Medications: If dietary and lifestyle modifications are insufficient to control blood sugar levels, insulin injections or oral medications may be prescribed to manage GDM.
5. Prenatal Care: Regular prenatal check-ups with healthcare providers are crucial to monitor both the mother's and baby's health throughout pregnancy.

1. Glucose Challenge Test (GCT): Usually conducted between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, this initial screening involves drinking a glucose solution followed by a blood test to measure blood sugar levels after one hour.
2. Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT): If the GCT results are elevated, a glucose tolerance test is performed. This involves fasting overnight, followed by drinking a more concentrated glucose solution and having blood sugar levels tested multiple times over a few hours to determine how the body processes glucose.