Health A-Z

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones. It's most common in people with type 1 diabetes but can also occur in those with type 2 diabetes, particularly if they have a significant insulin deficiency.

1. Excessive thirst: Due to dehydration.
2. Frequent urination: Caused by excess sugar in the blood.
3. High blood sugar levels: Typically above 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L).
4. High ketone levels in urine: Detected by testing.
5. Nausea and vomiting: Due to metabolic acidosis.
6. Abdominal pain: Often mistaken for other conditions such as appendicitis.
7. Fatigue and weakness: As a result of the body's inability to use glucose for energy.
8. Shortness of breath: Due to metabolic acidosis affecting breathing patterns.
9. Confusion or altered mental status: In severe cases.

1. Fluid replacement: Intravenous fluids are given to rehydrate the body and restore electrolyte balance.
2. Insulin therapy: Regular insulin is administered intravenously to lower blood sugar and stop the production of ketones.
3. Electrolyte replacement: Potassium and other electrolytes may be administered to correct imbalances.
4. Treatment of underlying causes: Identifying and treating any underlying infections or other triggers contributing to DKA.
5. Monitoring: Close monitoring of blood sugar, electrolytes, and kidney function is essential during treatment.
6. Correction of acidosis: The goal is to gradually correct metabolic acidosis through insulin therapy and fluid replacement.

1. Blood glucose test: A high blood glucose level, typically above 250 mg/dL (13.9 mmol/L), is a primary indicator.
2. Urine ketone test: Detects ketones in the urine, indicating the presence of DKA.
3. Blood pH and electrolyte levels: These tests can reveal metabolic acidosis and imbalances in electrolytes such as potassium and sodium.
4. Blood tests: To measure levels of ketones, electrolytes, and kidney function.
5. Arterial blood gas analysis: Provides more accurate information about acid-base balance.
6. Other tests: Sometimes imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans may be performed to rule out other causes of symptoms, especially if there's uncertainty about the diagnosis.