Health A-Z

Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome is a condition characterized by the presence of galactorrhea (the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast) and amenorrhea (the absence of menstrual periods) due to elevated levels of prolactin, a hormone responsible for lactation.

1. Galactorrhea: Spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unrelated to breastfeeding or childbirth.
2. Amenorrhea: Absence of menstrual periods.
3. Infertility: Due to disruptions in the menstrual cycle.
4. Reduced libido: Some individuals may experience a decreased interest in sexual activity.
5. Headaches: Prolactinomas, which are benign tumors of the pituitary gland causing elevated prolactin levels, can lead to headaches.

1. Medications: Dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine or cabergoline, are the primary treatment for Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome. These medications help lower prolactin levels and restore normal menstrual cycles and fertility. They are usually taken orally.
2. Management of underlying causes: If a pituitary tumor (prolactinoma) is identified as the cause, treatment may involve medication, surgery, or radiation therapy, depending on the size and severity of the tumor.
3. Hormonal therapy: In some cases, hormonal therapy may be recommended to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce symptoms of amenorrhea.
4. Fertility treatment: For individuals struggling with infertility due to Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome, fertility treatments such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be considered.

1. Medical history and physical examination: The doctor will inquire about symptoms and perform a physical examination, including breast and pelvic exams.
2. Blood tests: Serum prolactin levels are measured. Elevated levels of prolactin (>25 ng/mL in women, >20 ng/mL in men) suggest hyperprolactinemia, which can be indicative of Galactorrhea-Amenorrhea Syndrome.
3. Pregnancy test: Since pregnancy can also cause galactorrhea and amenorrhea, a pregnancy test is often performed to rule out this possibility.
4. Thyroid function tests: Thyroid disorders can sometimes contribute to elevated prolactin levels, so thyroid function tests may be conducted.
5. Imaging studies: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain is often done to visualize the pituitary gland and detect any abnormalities, such as prolactinomas.