Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure in the eye. Here's an overview of its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
Gradual Loss of Peripheral Vision: This often occurs initially, and the individual may not notice it until it's advanced.
Tunnel Vision: As the disease progresses, the field of vision narrows, leading to tunnel vision.
Blurred Vision: Vision may become blurred, especially in the later stages.
Halos Around Lights: Some people experience seeing halos around lights, particularly at night.
Eye Pain: This is less common but can occur in acute cases or when the pressure in the eye suddenly increases.
Headaches: Particularly if they're accompanied by eye pain.
Eye Drops: These are often the first line of treatment and work by either reducing the production of aqueous humor (the fluid in the eye) or improving its drainage.
Oral Medications: In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to lower intraocular pressure.
Laser Therapy: Procedures such as laser trabeculoplasty or laser iridotomy can improve drainage or reduce fluid production.
Surgery: In advanced cases or if other treatments are ineffective, surgical procedures like trabeculectomy or shunt implants may be necessary to improve drainage.
Regular Monitoring: Since glaucoma is a chronic condition, regular check-ups are essential to monitor progression and adjust treatment as needed.
Tonometry: Measures the pressure inside the eye. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key risk factor for glaucoma.
Ophthalmoscopy: Examination of the optic nerve to check for any signs of damage.
Perimetry (Visual Field Test): Maps the field of vision to detect any abnormalities or loss of peripheral vision.
Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle of the eye to determine if it's open or closed, which can help diagnose the type of glaucoma.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Provides detailed images of the optic nerve and can detect early signs of glaucoma.
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