Health A-Z

Icterus, commonly known as jaundice, can be caused by various factors, including liver dysfunction, obstruction of the bile ducts, or excessive breakdown of red blood cells. Chronic familial icterus, also called Gilbert's syndrome, is a genetic condition characterized by mild jaundice due to impaired bilirubin metabolism.

1. Yellowing of the skin and eyes (icterus/jaundice), typically mild and intermittent
2. Fatigue
3. Abdominal discomfort, if related to underlying liver dysfunction
4. Dark urine
5. Pale stools

1. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of bilirubin levels and liver function is important to track disease progression and assess the need for intervention.
2. Lifestyle Modifications: Patients with Gilbert's syndrome may benefit from lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding triggers (such as fasting, dehydration, and certain medications), and managing stress.
3. Medications: In most cases, treatment with medications is not necessary for Gilbert's syndrome. However, if symptoms are severe or persistent, medications such as phenobarbital may be prescribed to help increase the clearance of bilirubin from the bloodstream.
4. Management of Underlying Conditions: If jaundice is due to factors other than Gilbert's syndrome, such as liver disease or bile duct obstruction, treatment will focus on managing the underlying condition.

1. Blood Tests: Blood tests can measure levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP), and other liver function markers. In Gilbert's syndrome, bilirubin levels are typically elevated, especially unconjugated bilirubin.
2. Genetic Testing: Genetic testing may reveal mutations in the UGT1A1 gene, which is responsible for bilirubin metabolism.
3. Liver Function Tests: These tests evaluate the overall function of the liver and can help differentiate Gilbert's syndrome from other liver conditions.
4. Medical History and Physical Examination: A detailed medical history and physical examination can help identify patterns of jaundice and rule out other causes.
5. Other Tests: Depending on the clinical presentation, additional tests such as imaging studies (ultrasound, MRI, CT scan) or liver biopsy may be performed to assess liver structure and function.